Школы в Америке. Активизация лексики по теме. Школы в США.

1. Введение лексики по теме.

primary school – начальная школа

secondary school – средняя школа

a teacher – учитель

a school principal (a headmaster, a headmistress) – директор школы

an assistant principal – завуч

a pupil – ученик

a schoolboy (a schoolgirl) – школьник (школьница)

a classmate – одноклассник

school uniform – школьная форма

a classroom – классная комната

a library – библиотека

a principal’s office – кабинет директора

a laboratory – лаборатория

a computer room – кабинет информатики

a canteen – столовая

a gym (a gymnasium) – спортзал

a stadium – стадион

a playground – игровая площадка

a swimming pool – бассейн

a cloakroom – раздевалка, гардеробная

a school hall – актовый зал

a first-aid room (a nurse’s office) - медпункт

a toilet (a lavatory) – туалет

 

a lesson – урок

a break - перемена

lunch - обед

a timetable - расписание

a test – контрольная работа, тест

a dictation – диктант

a composition (an essay) – сочинение (эссе)

an exam – экзамен

a mark - оценка 

homework - домашнее задание

a certificate of secondary education – аттестат о среднем образовании

 

a blackboard (a whiteboard) – доска

a piece of chalk – кусок мела

a board marker – маркер для доски

a desk – парта

a chair – стул

a map – карта

a globe – глобус

a schoolbag (a backpack) – портфель (ранец)

a pencilbox (a pencilcase) – пенал

a pen – ручка

a pencil – карандаш

scissors – ножницы

a pair of compasses – циркуль

a drawing pad (a drawing book) – альбом для рисования

coloured pencils – цветные карандаши

crayons – мелки

felt-tip pens - фломастеры

paints (watercolours) – краски (акварельные краски)

a paintbrush – кисточка

a rubber – ластик

a ruler (an eraser)  – линейка

an angle protractor – транспортир, линейка-угломер

a folder – папка

a glue (a glue stick) – клей (клей-карандаш)

a calculator – калькулятор

a dustbin – мусорное ведро

 

a pencil sharpener – точилка

an exercise book – тетрадь

a textbook – учебник

a workbook – рабочая тетрадь

a diary (a daybook) – дневник

a dictionary – словарь

a reference book – справочник

 

 

 

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The system of education in the USA varies greatly from state to state. School education in so called state public schools is free. Parents are free to choose any public school for their children. Although there are a lot of private schools, mainly religious, and parents have to pay for them. A school year starts in September and ends in June. It is divided into three terms or four quarters. 

American children start attending elementary schools at the age of 6. They continue their studies for eight years there (8 grades). Their basic subjects in the curriculum at this stage are English, Arithmetic, Natural Science, History, Geography, Foreign Language and some others. After that pupils may enter a Senior high school or if they go to a 5- or 6-year elementary school, they then attend a 3- or 4-year Junior high school, and then enter a Senior high school. Pupils graduate from high schools at the age of 18. The high schools (also known as secondary schools) are generally larger and accommodate teenagers from four or five elementary schools. During the school year the students study four or five selective subjects according to their professional interests. They must complete a certain number of courses to receive a high school diploma or a certificate of school graduation.

In order to develop social skills and encourage students’ participation in extracurricular activities every high school has an orchestra, a music band, a choir, drama groups, football, basketball and baseball teams. School becomes the centre of social life for students.

At American colleges and universities young people get higher education. They study for 4 years and get a Bachelor's degree in arts or science. If a student wants to get a Master's degree he must study for two more years and do a research work. Students who want to advance their education even further in a specific field can pursue a Doctor degree. The most famous American universities are Harvard, Princeton, Stanford, Yale, Columbia Universities.